It may seem a good idea at first, but remember it’s ultimately your decision. Think about whether to involve others in your decision-making.Make sure the name works for life – it may be a really cute name for a baby, but as a professional will your child thank you for your choice?.Sam and Ella are great names but when put together they don’t sound quite so appealing! Think about whether the name goes with those of any other children you have.Say your chosen name out loud and make sure your child isn’t going to have to constantly tell people how to pronounce it – or spell it for that matter.Work out what your baby’s initials will be and check these don’t spell out anything embarrassing.Think about possible nicknames and check these also work well with your surname.There aren’t any official rules on naming babies in England and Wales, aside from using a series of letters and avoiding anything that could be offensive, but there’s plenty of practical advice to be found: 17 boys and 15 girls were simply named ‘Baby’, whilst 36 girls were named ‘Star’, nine ‘Hero’ and five ‘Sunshine.’ There were 14 boys named ‘Ocean’, four ‘Victory’ and three ‘Rain.’ The annual lists are compiled from birth certificate date which showed there were 697,852 live births in England and Wales in 2015 and of them over 27,000 different boys’ names and 35,000 different girls’ names were registered.ĥ2% of all boys born last year were called one of the top 100 names, compared to 43% of girls, but there were some more unusual choices. Aria had the biggest rise, whilst Katie showed the largest fall since 2014, going down 22 places to number 99. These replaced Lydia, Faith, Mollie, Brooke, Isabel and Amy. Six names made it into the top 100 list for girls: Penelope, Mila, Clara, Arabella, Maddison and Aria. Whilst Kian had the largest fall in popularity, going down 44 places to 98. Jaxon was the highest climber, going up 35 places to number 80 in the list. These replaced Owen, Robert, Joey and Finlay which were all in the top 100 in 2014. In London, Muhammad was the name most given to boys, but Amelia was still the top choice for girls.Įlla re-entered the top 10 for girls this year – it was last there in 2007 and Noah made it into the top 10 for boys for the first time, replacing James.įour names broke into the top 100 for boys: Jaxon, Roman, Reggie and Carter. Oliver was closely followed by Jack, Harry and George in the boys’ list and Olivia, Emily and Isla took the top spots behind Amelia for girls. ![]() Oliver has been the most popular name for boys since 2013, while Amelia has held the top spot for girls since 2011.ĭata released by the Office of National Statistics shows 6,941 boys were named Oliver last year, while 5,158 girls were called Amelia. Oliver and Amelia were the most popular names given to babies in England and Wales in 2015.
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![]() To install Xcode, fire up the Apple App Store, find the Xcode app, and install. Step 1: Install Homebrew - Step 2: Install miniforge - Step 3: Setup and activate a virtual environment - Step 4: Install any Python library Option 1: Setting up Python and Data Science Packages with Anaconda The steps below will help you download the Anaconda installer with all the packages used for data science. ![]() See the YOLOv5 PyTorch Hub Tutorial for details. Let’s begin Step 1: Install Xcode First we need to install Xcode. YOLOv5 accepts URL, Filename, PIL, OpenCV, Numpy and PyTorch inputs, and returns detections in torch, pandas, and JSON output formats. This example loads a pretrained YOLOv5s model and passes an image for inference. Reproduce by `python val.py -data coco.yaml -img 1536 -iou 0.7 -augment` **TTA** () includes reflection and scale augmentations. Reproduce by `python val.py -data coco.yaml -img 640 -task speed -batch 1` **Speed** averaged over COCO val images using a () instance. Reproduce by `python val.py -data coco.yaml -img 640 -conf 0.001 -iou 0.65` End-to-end optimization, including hardware acceleration, all. System shell prepared for Python commands. Advanced ML solutions for popular tasks, crafted with Google ML expertise. **mAP val** values are for single-model single-scale on () dataset. Select Tools Manage packages for even easier installation of 3rd party packages. Code Issues 78 Pull requests 10 Actions Security Insights New issue running open cv on a Mac M1 machine with python 3.9 natively 550 Closed mv96 opened this issue on 4 comments mv96 commented on Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. ![]() Nano and Small models use () hyps, all others use (). All checkpoints are trained to 300 epochs with default settings. exit code: 1 > 21 lines of output Ignoring numpy: markers pythonversion '3.6' and platformmachine 'aarch64' and platformmachine 'arm64' dont match your environment Ignoring numpy: markers pythonversion '3. Please browse the YOLOv5 Docs for details, raise an issue on GitHub for support, and join our Discord community for questions and discussions! Model To install OpenCV, one must have Python and PIP, preinstalled on their system. We hope that the resources here will help you get the most out of YOLOv5. YOLOv5 is designed to be fast, accurate, and easy to use, making it an excellent choice for a wide range of object detection, instance segmentation and image classification tasks. It should take just a few seconds to complete execution.Ultralytics YOLOv5 ? is a cutting-edge, state-of-the-art (SOTA) model that builds upon the success of previous YOLO versions and introduces new features and improvements to further boost performance and flexibility. Building and Installing OpenCV 4.5. The final step here is to execute - sudo make install. The script explains what it will do and then pauses before it does it. After it’s done you should get an output like so - Paste that in a macOS Terminal or Linux shell prompt. You can adjust the j option with respect to the hardware available. With all the eight cores ( j8 stands for eight cores here) chugging along, this step took ~8 minutes for me. Next, we launch the make command - make -j8. The compilation took ~3 minutes for me and it should produce outputs like so. Now, before you run the above cmake command, activate the conda environment you created in an earlier step ( conda activate ) if you haven’t already. For these two arguments, you would want to first determine the paths and then supply them accordingly. Also, please pay attention to the following arguments - OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH and PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE. Git Python 2.7 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later This tutorial will assume you have Python, Numpy and Git installed on your machine. ![]() D PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE =/Users/sayakpaul/miniforge3/envs/dev/bin/python3 \Īs per this issue comment, DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR, DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES, DWITH_OPENJPEG, and DWITH_IPP are needed to be set during the compilation step. D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH =/Users/sayakpaul/Downloads/opencv_contrib-4.5.0/modules \ ![]() it might be a good idea to buy the port fitting(s) from us or at least be prepared to modify yours to have a max thread length of. We'll fix this next time around but for now. We made a change to the o-ring seat and unfortunately conventional port fittings may be too long (no real standard) and could bottom out before the o-ring crushes/ seats. ![]() Flanges purchased after 10/8/20 should be accompanied by at least two -16 port fittings. The 2430RX-J2K-IP comes with an autoranging DCvoltage adapter that automatically - senses the input voltage. The water cross-over tube mount is unfortunately to low to work with scatter shields so you'll have to reach out to us so we can rethink your plumbing if you need to run one. If you need any of those things I recommend you contract a custom fabricated assembly with me or see our other options. NOTE: If you are interested in a custom fabrication job using these flanges, please email us at The J Series Water Neck Flanges eliminate the thermostat, thermostat water bypass, ECT sensor, and fan switch. NOTE: If you are interested in a custom fabrication job using these flanges. that are popular in the off-road world and got lucky that the same change accommodated both generations of InlinePro J2K adapters. In 2020 I made a revision to the front cylinder head flanges water cross-over tube holder so that it would work with GM transmissions that are popular in the off-road world and got lucky that the same change accommodated both generations of InlinePro J2K adapters. J2K is a simple freeware program that inputs a (usb) to convert game controller to a number or letter. The TracTuff Billet Water Neck Plate for fabrication of custom water necks for the j series v6 cylinder heads. The front cylinder flange also machined to uniquely hold the OEM water cross-over tube (pump inlet) and accept the OEM o-ring on the back-side. Critical engine, transmission, and genset data is then distributed throughout the vessel over a single cable where it can be monitored by any. The front cylinder flange uses the OEM MLS style gasket and the rear has an o-ring groove. Maretron's J2K100 attaches directly into J1939 networks of compatible engines, transmissions, and gensets and converts the J1939 engine data to the NMEA 2000 marine digital interface. The J Series billet water neck flanges were designed to be the premiere water neck solution on the market! The flanges can be used as is or used to fabricate pretty much anything you can dream up.įlanges are machined from US milled 6061 aluminum and incorporate -16 ORB outlet ports for each cylinder head as well as a -16 ORB inlet port for the water pump inlet tube. almost everything is right where you want it! Everything except for that MONSTROSITY of a water neck starring back at you. Click inside the file drop area to upload J2K files or drag & drop J2K files. ![]() So you own an EG, EK, or DC2 and you've swapped in a J Series. How to convert J2K files using Aspose.Imaging Conversion. Some of them have to be purchased but buying different fonts individually is a bad idea. Helvetica is considered to be the most easily readable font and is preferred by many individuals all over the globe on both digital and printed media. ![]() The most popular go-to's in this style are Helvetica, Futura and Frutiger.Ģ) Which font is ideal for the human eye? If you're ready to experiment with all the fonts we've listed in this article, get started with Glorify today! FAQsġ) Which font is best for signs and banners?Īny Sans Serif font, as they tend to be more legible and easier on the eyes. With pre-designed, 100% customizable templates you can easily find inspiration for all your design needs. That’s why using Glorify is an ideal option for anyone looking to design effective yet attractive banners, ads, social media posts and just about any visual asset. ![]() If you aren't used to creating designs, keeping all this in mind can be a little overwhelming. These include the color palette, dimensions, pixel density, layout, elements and more. Although we focus solely on fonts in this article, there are many other aspects of a banner that need attention. Often used for shorter phrases of text, a known example would be ‘Algerian’.Īnd there you have it - 35 amazing fonts you can experiment with to spice up your banner designs. Their purpose is to draw attention to the text and make an impact. Displayĭisplay fonts involve big, bold designs that stand out. Although usually, they tend to have the word ‘script’ as part of their name. An example of this is ‘Lucida Handwriting’. Scriptīetter known as cursive, Script is any font that resembles handwriting. A common example of this would be Calibri or Arial. The style is a regular typeface, quite similar to Serif, but without the extra little lines. This word literally translates from French as “Without Serif”. A well-known example of it would be ‘Times New Roman’, where the letters have extra little lines along the ends of them. The Serif font is the most traditional typeface that is used. In other words, every other font is said to be derived font from this 4 member category: Serif While there are thousands of fonts to choose from, there are four main types of fonts that serve as the base for all other fonts. In this article, we’ll show you 35 of the best banner fonts handpicked by Glorify, and tell you exactly why they will make attractive banners! The 4 main types of fonts ![]() These low-land forests consist of primary (untouched) forests, selectively logged forests, and gardened forests, or ones tended by indigenous people. The blue-eyed cockatoo is endemic to the lowland forests of New Britain east of New Guinea, and it is the only cockatoo in the Bismarck Archipelago. They are also known to feed on insects and their larvae. The blue eyed cockatoo's diet mainly consists of various seeds and nuts, berries, and fruits. A lack of interaction could result in self-mutilation from the bird, that includes feather plucking. Due to their interaction ability, these pets require quite a bit of attention. Household skills include mimicking owners, laying on the back of loved ones, and their love of play. This bird has been called by some as the friendliest and most loving of all the cockatoo species. The blue-eyed cockatoo reaches full maturity after 4 years and lives an average of 50 years.īlue-eyed cockatoo has been known to make demanding, but great house pets. The blue-eyed cockatoo is easily mistaken for the yellow-crested and sulphur-crested cockatoos, but has a more rounded crest with more white to the frontal part, and a brighter blue eye-ring. Some males have dark brown irises and some females have reddish-brown irises, but this small difference is not always reliable as a gender indicator. The sexes are very similar in appearance. ![]() The blue-eyed cockatoo is a large, about 50-cm-long, mainly white cockatoo with an erectile yellow and white crest, a black beak, dark grey legs, and a light blue rim of featherless skin around each eye, that gives this species its name. ![]() It will feature the adventures of a Navy fighter pilot in a multi-chapter campaign. Squadron 42 is a single player game, set in the Star Citizen Universe, that is being developed in parallel. KOTA TINGGI: A senior citizen was killed after she and her son were involved in an accident at Jalan Sri Perani-Long Heng here on Saturday (May 27). Feature updates are released in quarterly patches that expand the scope of the Persistent Universe. Over 100 extremely detailed, life size ships, allowing to pursue a variety of professions like bounty hunting, mining, cargo hauling and of course, engaging in space combat. Please bear with us, as we know that this is super frustrating to all involved. ![]() Controls to be used for FLIGHT will appear in green, while controls for ON FOOT will appear in purple. There is no current ETA on when it will be available again, but our teams are working to sort this out in the quickest, safest way possible. Here you’ll find the default key bindings for a variety of game interfaces like keyboard, mouse, gamepad and joystick. Just set them according to your personal preference if you find the game too. The developers behind the game, Cloud Imperium Games, are developing ground breaking technologies to create a highly immersive game universe, known as the Persistent Universe.Ĭurrently the Persistent Universe consists of the Stanton system, which is made up of 4 planets and their moons and stations. Updated UPDATE - : The Character Repair tool remains offline and under active development and testing. The no-compromise approach of Star Citizen appeals to PC games but it also. A game of this massive scale is a risk but bears a greater reward in return. But dont panic this guide will help players escape prison quickly. Star Citizen has been in making for quite some time, from 2012, and will be in development for years to come. Published Star Citizen can be frustrating at times, especially when sent to prison. All star systems can also be explored on the ARK Starmap, a three dimensional map with all star systems. The space Game Industry tried to make things go beyond the boundary but hasn’t quite yet become successful multiple times. The game is a highly ambitious project with the aim of featuring more then 100, fully explorable, individual, star systems complete with planets, moons, space stations and other stellar objects. There is only one solar system in game right now so it will only show that one. Star Citizen is an in-development futuristic first person space simulation set in the 30th century. "Some of the dominant colors seen in aurorae are red, a hue produced by the nitrogen molecules, and green, which is produced by oxygen molecules." "Every type of atom or molecule, whether it's atomic hydrogen or a molecule like carbon dioxide, absorbs and radiates its own unique set of colors, which is analogous to how every human being has a unique set of fingerprints," Teets told. The bright colors of the northern lights are dictated by the chemical composition of Earth's atmosphere. "These particles are deflected towards the poles of Earth by our planet's magnetic field and interact with our atmosphere, depositing energy and causing the atmosphere to fluoresce," said astronomer Billy Teets, the director of Dyer Observatory at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. In the Northern Hemisphere, the phenomenon is called the northern lights (aurora borealis), while in the Southern Hemisphere, it's called the southern lights (aurora australis). When that wind slams into Earth's ionosphere, or upper atmosphere, the aurora is born. (Image credit: NASA) What are the northern lights?Īt any given moment, the sun is ejecting charged particles from its corona, or upper atmosphere, creating what's called the solar wind. A portion of the space station's solar array is visible in the top left corner of the image. At the time this photo was taken, the space station was orbiting about 258 miles (415 kilometers) above Russia and the Ukraine. The theory would eventually prove correct, but not until long after Birkeland's 1917 death.Ī lime-green aurora glows above Earth's city lights in this view from the International Space Station. Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland proposed that electrons emitted from sunspots produced the atmospheric lights after being guided toward the poles by Earth's magnetic field. The science behind the northern lights wasn't theorized until the turn of the 20th century. also notes the aurora, according to NASA. A royal astronomer under Babylon's King Nebuchadnezzar II inscribed his report of the phenomenon on a tablet dated to 567 B.C., for example, while a Chinese report from 193 B.C. One North American Inuit legend suggests that the northern lights are spirits playing ball with a walrus head, while the Vikings thought the phenomenon was light reflecting off the armor of the Valkyrie, the supernatural maidens who brought warriors into the afterlife.Įarly astronomers also mentioned the northern lights in their records. and is sourced from reporting by The New York Times.Since that time, civilizations around the world have marveled at the celestial phenomenon, ascribing all sorts of origin myths to the dancing lights. ![]() Weekly county case and death data prior to Jan. reporting periods that are two weeks apart, which are sometimes 13 or 15 days apart because of holidays and other disruptions to normal reporting. The 14-day change measures the difference between C.D.C. may make historical updates as more data is reported. Governments sometimes revise data or report a single-day large increase in cases or deaths without specifying when those cases and deaths occurred, which can cause an irregular pattern in the daily reported figures. Department of Health and Human Services, and it includes confirmed and suspected adult and pediatric patients. Hospitalization data is reported by individual hospitals to the U.S. ![]() Population and demographic data is from the U.S. Iowa provides incomplete negative test result data, affecting the accuracy of test positivity rates.ĭata on this page is reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Iowa no longer reports aggregate case and death data to the C.D.C. reported no cases or deaths for Oregon in its weekly update because the state did not report new data. reported no cases or deaths for Mississippi in its weekly update because the state did not report new data. reported no cases or deaths for Indiana in its weekly update because the state did not report new data.
![]() ![]() So, the central atom will be the carbon atom. The electronegativity value of oxygen and carbon are 3.44 and 2.55. This means the atom having the least electronegativity value will be the central atom. By logic, the central atom should be the one, that can form the maximum number of bonds with other atoms. The atom present as the single entity is considered as the central atom which can be either carbon or oxygen for carbonyl fluoride. Step 3: Look for the central atom in one carbonyl fluoride atom: It is 8 as 4 are needed by the carbon atom, 2 are needed by the oxygen atom and one valence electron is needed by each of the fluorine atoms. Step 2: Search for how many more valence electrons are needed by one carbonyl fluoride atom: Step 1: Search for the total number of valence electrons already available in a single carbonyl fluoride atom: It is 24 as 4 are coming from the carbon atom, 6 are coming from the oxygen atom and 7 are coming from each of the fluorine atoms. Now, let’s study the steps involved in drawing the Lewis dot structure of carbonyl fluoride: By applying the same rule on the oxygen atom as that in fluorine, the valence electrons turn out to be 6 in an oxygen atom. Lastly, the atomic number of oxygen is 8 where its electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p4. In accordance with this, the total number of valence electrons in fluorine is 7. ![]() So, the total number of it can be calculated by summing up the valence electrons present in these highest principal energy levels, which are 2s and 2p in the case of fluorine. Here comes an anomaly with fluorine as the valence electrons are also the ones available in the highest principal energy levels. On the other hand, the atomic number of fluorine is 9, where its electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p5. So, the total number of valence electrons in carbon is 4. To achieve a stable state, the p shell needs to accommodate 6 valence electrons. The atomic number of carbon is 6, where its electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p2. To determine the Lewis structure of carbonyl fluoride, it is first essential to study the same for the participating atoms, which are carbon and fluorine in this case. Whereas, the Lewis diagram is drawn by using the symbol of the atom and valence electrons in pair around it. This bond formation is shown with the help of a line where one is used for the single bond, two for double, and three for the triple bond. Moreover, the Lewis structure also shows if a single, double or triple bond is forming between the atoms. These electrons are present farthest from the nucleus of the atom because of which even with the slightest excitation, they undergo bond formation. Only the electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom participates in the bond formation by either getting accepted or donated. The Lewis dot structure is a diagrammatic representation showing how the electrons are participating in the bond formation forming a new compound with new chemical properties altogether. Moreover, the carbonyl fluoride is prepared as a byproduct of the decomposition of fluorinated hydrocarbons, like tetrafluoromethane or trifluoromethanol during the thermal decomposition.Īnother few methods of preparing carbonyl fluoride are reacting phosgene with the hydrogen fluoride and oxidation of carbon monoxide though it can produce carbon tetrafluoride.Ĭonclusion What is the Lewis dot structure? In the presence of water, carbonyl fluoride hydrolyses hydrogen fluoride and carbon dioxide. The unstable behavior of carbonyl fluoride is not only dedicated to heat but to water as well. This gas has an unstable molecular structure which is prone to violent rupturing if exposed to heat for a longer period. It might interest you that carbonyl fluoride was used as one major chemical weapon during the First World War as it can easily penetrate the skin and can shut down the vital organs of the human body. It is highly toxic to human beings and is a strong irritant to the eyes, respiratory tract, skin, mucous membrane, and nose causing frostbite. COF2 is the molecular formula of Carbonyl fluoride which is a colorless and pungent gas to smell. ![]() The manufacturer also provided an auxiliary gearbox and electronic imitation of differential lock. The all-wheel drive All Mode 4WD system became standard. The 2.5-liter engine was combined with 6-speed manual or 5-speed automatic transmissions, whereas the 3.0-liter one could be paired only with a 7-speed automatic transmission. There was also a more powerful 3-liter V6 engine that developed 231 hp and 550 Nm. The vehicle came standard with a 2.5-liter 4-cylinder engine with 190 hp and 450 Nm. Restyling took place in 2010, and production ended in 2014. The third generation Pathfinder debuted in January 2005 at the International North American Auto Show in Detroit. The vehicle turned back into a body-on-frame mid-size model, with a rigidly connected front axle and brutal exterior. Since 2006, ‘Nissan Pathfinder’ has been the only and unified name for all markets. Both engines were paired only with automatic transmission. After restyling in 1999, a 3.5-liter engine (220 hp) appeared. In Europe, the vehicle was supplied with a 3.3-liter gasoline engine (170 hp) and manual or automatic transmissions. The front independent suspension was changed to the MacPherson strut suspension, whereas the rear remained the same. Gasoline options, so beloved in the United States, included 3.3-3.5-liter V-shaped 6-cylinder engines producing 150-253 hp and 266-325 Nm. ![]() The SUV could be equipped with 2.7-3.2-liter in-line 4-cylinder diesel engines producing from 131 to 170 hp and from 279 to 353 Nm of torque. This was the first step towards a further ‘SUV’ future. The second Pathfinder turned out to be a modern mid-size SUV, despite the fact that some features were inherited from its predecessor, including a radiator grille with three horizontal stripes. ![]() In 1999, the model was restyled for the first time, and in 2001 for the second time. At the same time, the model was restyled, acquiring a modernized radiator grille and redesigned interior. The first generation was produced until 1995. In 1990, the V6 engine received a new injection system, which increased its output to 153 hp, and the junior engine Z24i was replaced with a new KA24E. In the USA, the Pathfinder competed with the Chevrolet Blazer, Ford Bronco and Jeep Cherokee. This was due to the fact that the frame shared by all models was originally intended for both passenger and passenger-and-freight pickup-type bodies with a load capacity of up to one ton. This is why it's our number one pick as a full sized SUV.In 1989, the manufacturer introduced a 5-door vehicle of the same length as the 3-door version. To top it off though, the Explorer is better looking, with its upscale, athletic appearance the Explorer is hard to beat. Although the base powertrain on the Explorer generates more horsepower than the Pathfinder, the Explorer also has a 400 horsepower twin turbo V6 that makes driving fun again. The Explorer has a hybrid powertrain that makes driving around town that much more fuel efficient, getting 6 more mpg in town than the Pathfinder does. The Pathfinder unfortunately does not have a hybrid powertrain while most vehicles in the segment all have a hybrid or plug-in hybrid powertrain. The Ford Explorer is better than the Nissan Pathfinder for its hybrid powertrain, available higher performing engine, and classy design. Which is better: the Ford Explorer or the Nissan Pathfinder? This makes driving the family around town just a tad bit more interesting, and if you are a lead foot driver, spring for the 400 horsepower engine on higher models for some more fun. While the Pathfinder handles alright, the Explorer gets up to 60 mph almost a whole second faster. This makes the Explorer more fun to drive and more athletic. The Pathfinder at its best gets up to 295 horsepower out of its V6 engine, but on base models only gets 284 horsepower. The Ford Explorer has three engines, the base 4 cylinder gets 300 horsepower, the hybrid engine gets up to 318 horsepower, and the fastest engine gets 400 horsepower out of its twin turbo V6 engine. ![]() The Nissan Pathfinder is not as powerful as the Ford Explorer. Is the Nissan Pathfinder more powerful than the Ford Explorer? Having a hybrid engine makes a big difference and the Explorer’s is a great hybrid powertrain. This might not initially seem like a huge difference, but the extra gas mileage in the city could potentially save you hundreds of dollars every year, if not a cool thousand. The Ford Explorer gets up to 27 mpg in town and 28 mpg on the highway, while the Pathfinder maxes out at 21 mpg in the city and 27 mpg on the highway. The Nissan Pathfinder does not get better gas mileage than the Ford Explorer. ![]() To keep something dern was to keep it under wraps. Dern, Dernhead, and DernshipĪs far back as Old English, anything described as dern was hidden, concealed, and secretive. not close or clancular, but frank and open.” If you enjoyed the spy drama The Americans, you like watching clancular shenanigans. OED examples describe “whisperings and clancular suggestions” and “Proceedings. This is a synonym and close relative of clandestine, and has been in use since the early 1600s. Beverley’s 1839 book Heresy of a Human Priesthood, he describes “a camarilla of priests, who, with closed doors, make all the laws by which the society is regulated.” In any era, that’s kooky talk. This is a Spanish word for a little room-but in English, that little room or chamber can hold big, massive, gargantuan secrets, because a camarilla can also be a cabal. In James Heath’s 1663 book Flagellum, he described vile varmints who “never ceased plotting and conspiring, now colloguing with this party, then with that.” Iago and Loki are two classic colloguers. Several senses of this word have been around since the 1600s, and one of them involves calamitous collusion. ![]() In a 1545 book by Roger Ascham, the sneaky meaning is invoked along with yet another alternate spelling: “It hydes it not, it lurkes not in corners and hudder mother.” Sorry, Mom. The parent of hugger-mugger is probably hudder-mudder, which has the same meaning and appeared a little earlier-in the 1400s. An 1862 use from the New York Tribune described “Listening to key-hole revelations, and hugger-muggering with disappointed politicians.” In 1898, a Daily News article described the motivation behind many cover-ups: “For two years the City Corporation tried to hugger-mugger this nasty little incident out of sight.” 6. Hugger-mugger can also be a verb with a few shhh-y meanings. This word can also be an adjective, especially in the phrase “hugger-mugger doings,” which are never innocent. Alternate spellings include hocker-mocker and huckermucker. Since the 1500s, to be in hugger-mugger has meant “to keep secret or concealed to hush up,” according to the OED. Reduplicative words rule, but this one rules in secrecy. An 1866 use from Cornhill Magazine will give you new appreciation for the duplicity and intrigue of convents: “That petty partisanship and caballing which are the curse of convents.” 5. Like so many nouns, cabal has been verbed. Here’s a fact that should appeal to conspiracy buffs: You can’t spell clandestinity without destiny. This word for a clandestine state of affairs has been around since the 1600s. This sense has been around since the 1600s, and you can smell outrage (and sexism) in this use from Walter Scott’s 1821 book Kenilworth: A Romance: “A woman, who trinkets and traffics with my worst foes!” 3. Trinkets are doodads and tchotchkes, but to trinket is, as the Oxford English Dictionary puts it, “To have clandestine communications or underhand dealings with to intrigue with to act in an underhand way, prevaricate.” The etymology is a mystery, but it might be related to trick. A use in a 1594 book by John Dickenson captures the deceptive flavor of this term, describing “Complotted practises of bloud and reuenge.” 2. Complotting is conspiring: You can plot on your own, but to complot, you need to be in cahoots with cohorts. It arises from the now equally obscure word complot, which is used a few times in Shakespeare’s Richard II. This absurd-sounding term has been around since at least the late 1500s. Here are a few old words you can use to describe them while adjusting your tinfoil hat. Conspiracy theories are everywhere these days. |
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